Unit 3 Chikitsa Vigyan Ra Ayurved Chikitsa
Vocabulary: Glossary
1. Find and write the words with the given meanings from the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine':
(a) Disease related to nerves: Paralysis
(b) Disorders related to Vata, Pitta, and Kapha: Tridosha
(c) Treatment of disease by surgical methods: Surgery
(d) Causing harm or injury: Fatal
(e) Prepared for resistance: Resistant
2. Match the given words with their meanings:
Pradurbhav (Appearance) - The origin or emergence of an object or subject
Atyukti (Exaggeration) - An exaggerated description or statement
Adyawadhik (Up-to-date) - The state up to today, from past to present
Tridosha (Three humors) - Diseases caused by the imbalance of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha in the body
Nishedh (Prohibition) - The act of prohibiting or stopping
Adhirata (Impatience) - A state of lacking patience, unstable
3. Read the given technical terms used in the medical field and write their meanings with the help of a dictionary:
Ayurveda: An ancient medical science considered the fifth Veda from an Eastern perspective, which treats diseases after diagnosis using herbal and mineral medicines or through surgical methods.
Allopathic: Western modern medical system, medical treatment system.
Alternative medicine: Treatment or therapy that comes as an alternative.
Homeopathic medicine: Homeopathy-related treatment.
Surgery: The act of treating and curing physical ailments through surgical procedures.
Paralysis: A type of neurological disorder where the right or left side of the body becomes unconscious, a condition where the right or left side of the body becomes inactive due to air imbalance or blood pressure.
Emergency treatment: Treatment given for sudden events, accidents, or diseases.
Eradication: The act of eradicating or eliminating.
4. Pick any five technical terms used in the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' and use them in sentences.
Answer: Five technical terms used in the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' and their sentence constructions:
Heart Attack: Thousands of people die every year due to heart attacks.
Physician (Vaidya): A person knowledgeable in Ayurvedic medicine is called a Vaidya.
Curative: It is necessary to adopt a curative approach after falling ill.
Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is necessary for the diagnosis of mental illnesses.
Medicine: Many people's diseases have been treated with medicine.
Comprehension & Expression: Understanding & Expression
4. Answer the given questions:
(a) How many paragraphs is the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' structured into?
Answer: The essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' is structured into 12 paragraphs. Which is the shortest and longest paragraph in terms of sentence count?
(b) Which is the shortest and longest paragraph in terms of sentence count?
Answer: In terms of sentence count, the shortest is the last paragraph and the longest is the third paragraph.
(c) In which paragraph of the essay is the topic of the branches of Ayurvedic medicine discussed?
Answer: In the essay, the topic of the branches of Ayurvedic medicine is discussed in the fifth paragraph.
(d) What is the intention of the last paragraph of the essay?
Answer: The intention of the last paragraph of the essay is that if one wants to live a healthy and happy life, one should use the Ayurvedic medical system.
5. Read the given excerpt silently and answer the questions.
(a) Which branches of medical science are discussed in the excerpt?
Answer: The preventive, promotional, and curative branches of medicine are discussed in the excerpt.
(b) What kind of promotional treatment method is it?
Answer: The promotional treatment method is a system of treatment provided through services such as nutrition programs, health education, and environmental sanitation programs.
(c) Which methods are included in curative health services?
Answer: Curative health services include modern medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, naturopathy, yoga therapy, psychotherapy, acupressure, and Unani medicine.
(d) Which treatment method do you prefer and why?
Answer: I prefer the preventive treatment method because health services are provided before the onset of disease for disease control.
6. Answer the given questions:
(a) Describe modern medical science based on the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine'.
Answer: Allopathic treatment is currently considered the most prevalent and popular medical system. It is also seen as modern medical science, or doctor's treatment. In allopathy, medicine to reduce the disease is given at the very beginning to cure it. Its characteristics include quick recovery, easy availability of specialists (doctors) and medicines. Being very effective in emergencies, performing surgeries, and curing serious diseases through surgery are also considered its characteristics. Additionally, the periodic updating of technology and equipment, its effectiveness in curing all diseases from small to large, and the provision of vaccines to prevent major diseases before they occur are further characteristics of the allopathic system.
(b) Write why the popularity of Ayurvedic medicine is increasing.
Answer: The popularity of Ayurvedic medicine is increasing day by day due to its many positive aspects. It is used for body purification and to boost immunity. It treats the overall aspects of a person, considering the patient's soul, mind, physical constitution, doshas, malas, and dhatus. Its characteristics include the availability of herbs used in its treatment in Nepal, treatment based on disease symptoms, and less surgical intervention. Furthermore, its characteristics include not just controlling but eradicating diseases, not requiring various treatment equipment, having fewer negative side effects from medicine, and being less expensive. Thus, Ayurvedic medicine's popularity is increasing because it is a simple and inexpensive way to diagnose diseases, abundant herbs are found in Nepal, and it has no negative side effects from medicine.
(c) What kind of curative methods fall under curative health services?
Answer: Health services provided to cure diseases after they occur are called curative health services. Curative health services include many treatment methods such as modern medical science, Ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, naturopathy, yoga therapy, psychotherapy, acupressure, and Unani medicine.
(d) What are the main differences between Ayurvedic medicine and modern medicine?
๐ต Ayurvedic Medical System
- It is used for body purification and to boost immunity.
- Its treatment method uses herbs. It is also called a natural treatment method.
- Its characteristics include not requiring equipment, having fewer negative side effects from medicine, and being less expensive.
- A good aspect of this is that healthy individuals can also use it, and it develops nutrition and immunity. Although the treatment period can sometimes be long, the possibility of the disease recurring is low.
๐ต Modern Medical System
- In this, medicine to reduce the disease is given at the very beginning to cure it.
- Its treatment method uses modern medicines, vaccines, saline, etc. It is also called doctor's treatment.
- Its characteristics include quick recovery, requiring modern equipment, being expensive, and easy availability of specialists (doctors) and medicines.
- It is important for the treatment of patients with serious conditions and those requiring emergency treatment.
- Although the treatment period is somewhat short, there is a possibility of the disease recurring, and negative side effects from the medicine may also appear.
7. Explain:
(a) Ayurvedic medicine is different from modern medicine and is the oldest treatment method in the world.
Answer: Ayurvedic treatment is used for body purification and to boost immunity. Its characteristics include not just controlling but eradicating diseases, not requiring various treatment equipment, having fewer negative side effects from medicine, and being less expensive. Another important aspect is that both sick and healthy individuals can use it, and it develops nutrition and immunity in healthy individuals. Ayurveda is the oldest medical science in the world. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda. Ayurveda is believed to have developed in India between 3,000 and 50,000 years BCE. Brahma is considered the main source of Ayurvedic knowledge. Dhanvantari is considered the originator of Ayurveda. It is believed that Brahma imparted this knowledge to Daksha Prajapati, Prajapati to the Ashwini Kumars, the Ashwini Kumars to Lord Indra, and Indra imparted the Ayurvedic knowledge he received to Dhanvantari. In the Ramayana and Mahabharata, there are also references to Ayurvedic treatment and instances where sages used it for treatment.
Modern medical methods are believed to have started only after the eighteenth century. Before that, Ayurvedic medicine was being used. This also makes it clear that Ayurvedic medicine is different from modern medical methods and is the oldest treatment method in the world.
(b) Nepal is considered a paradise for Ayurvedic medicine.
Answer: Ayurvedic treatment uses herbs. It is also called a natural treatment method. Nepal itself is a vast storehouse of herbs. Due to biodiversity in the Himalayas, hills, and Terai, herbs with diverse properties are available. Almost all herbs have medicinal properties. In ancient times, our ancestors achieved long life by treating themselves with herbs. Developed countries have produced medicines by using the power of these herbs. Herbs are valuable raw materials for modern pharmaceutical industries. They are precious. Nepal is an invincible storehouse of valuable herbs that cure fatal diseases. It is also memorable that according to the Ramayana, when Lakshman was injured in battle, Sanjeevani Booti was sent to the Himalayan region of Nepal. This confirms that Nepal has been a paradise for Ayurvedic herbs since ancient times. Especially herbs like Tulsi, Sarpagandha, Jatamasi, Padamchal, Pashanbhed, Sugandhwal, Gurjo, Panchaunle, Bojho, Bhyakur, Satuwa, Chutro, Neem, Panisaj, Bhojpatra, Dalchini, Dhaturo, Tejpat, Amla, Dhaturo, Pipal, Barro, Harro, Amla provide us benefits from root to leaf, flower to fruit, and bark to seed. Valuable and rare Yarsagumba is also found in Nepal.
In Nepal, especially in the high hilly regions of Dolpa, Jumla, Mugu, Humla, Mustang, Darchula, Bajhang, Rasuwa, Rukum, and other districts, abundant herbs are found. If the potential of these herbs is studied, improved seeds are prepared, and intensive training is provided, the Ayurvedic important herbs of Nepal can open the door to Nepal's prosperity.
8. Review the positive and negative aspects of modern medical practice.
Answer: 'Medical Science and Ayurvedic Medicine' is an objective essay. Its authors are the group of textbook editors. This essay mentions various methods of human health treatment and includes the importance and necessity of Ayurvedic medicine.
Modern medical practice is currently considered the most prevalent and popular medical system. It is also seen as allopathy or doctor's treatment. In this system, medicine to reduce the disease is given at the very beginning to cure it. Its characteristics include quick recovery, easy availability of specialists (doctors) and medicines. Being very effective in emergencies, performing surgeries, and curing serious diseases through surgery are also considered its characteristics. Additionally, the periodic updating of technology and equipment, its effectiveness in curing all diseases from small to large, and the provision of vaccines to prevent major diseases before they occur are further characteristics of the allopathic system. Modern medicine has made great progress in vaccines and the treatment of many diseases. The average lifespan of people has increased. The use of machines in treatment has increased. Modern medicine has made healthcare accessible and affordable. Despite so many positive aspects, it also has negative aspects. The cost of modern medicines and healthcare is often excessive, making it inaccessible to the poor. Medicines can cause side effects, which can be life-threatening in some cases. Modern medicine is sometimes criticized for focusing too much on treating symptoms rather than addressing the root cause of the problem. The excessive use of antibiotics and other medicines is reducing immunity. The lack of skilled manpower in this treatment, the possibility of negative effects of medicines, medicines being expensive and out of reach for the poor, and the misuse of these medicines being fatal are some of the limitations of modern medical practice. Despite this, patients with serious conditions and those requiring emergency treatment cannot survive without relying on modern medical practice.
9. Confirm that Ayurvedic medicine is considered effective in controlling diseases and preventing side effects.
Answer: Ayurvedic medicine is fundamentally a treatment method related to the knowledge of life. It is considered an unprecedented gift of Eastern Vedic and ancient civilization. This method is becoming globally popular for a healthy and long life. The essence of Ayurveda is the knowledge of life. Ayurvedic medicine is the science that helps to prevent diseases from occurring in the human body by understanding the essence of life, or to take precautions related to diet and lifestyle before the onset of disease. Ayurvedic medicine has eight branches of treatment. In this system, the overall aspects of a person are treated by considering the patient's soul, mind, physical constitution, doshas, malas, and dhatus. It is a characteristic of this system to emphasize resistant medicines and diet through diet, conduct, and code of conduct so that diseases do not attack. Similarly, treatment is done according to the patient's mind and physical nature. It involves instructing on diet and regimen against the nature of the disease to protect healthy individuals from disease attacks and to quickly remove the disease from the sick. Also, since medicines are made from herbs, negative side effects are very minimal. Thus, attempting to completely eradicate diseases along with controlling them and protecting from any kind of side effects is a unique aspect of Ayurvedic medicine.
10. Prepare an objective paragraph on the topic 'Healthy Eating'.
Answer: Healthy Eating Health is the first wealth of life. The basis of a healthy and long life is healthy eating. Regular and healthy food can keep one free from diseases, while irregular, excessive, and unhealthy eating habits lead to diseases like diabetes, heart attack, obesity, and high blood pressure. It is said that more people die from not knowing how to eat than from not getting enough to eat. Eastern philosophy also emphasizes healthy eating for a healthy life. The best diets are Ritahar (seasonal food), Hitahar (beneficial food), and Mitahar (moderate food). Nowadays, there is an increasing trend of consuming more fish, meat, fried, spicy, and market-bought foods. Eating food by giving too much importance only to taste, appearance, color, and smell causes various diseases. Alkaline-rich foods are considered healthier. Such foods include seasonal vegetables, fruits, legumes, corn, wheat, barley, millet, buckwheat, and oats. Therefore, healthy eating is the first and essential condition for a healthy life.
11. From the first paragraph of the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurvedic Medicine', make four bullet points and write a summary.
Answer: The four main points are:
(a) Due to human carelessness, diseases enter the body and steal happiness,
(b) The emergence of medical science to counterattack diseases and suppress them,
(c) Allopathic medicine and Ayurvedic medicine being more commonly used in medical science,
(d) Allopathic medicine being a boon of Western science and Ayurveda a gift of Eastern Vedic civilization.
Summary writing:-
Background of Medical Science
Due to human carelessness, diseases enter and steal happiness. Medical science emerged to counterattack and suppress them. Allopathic medicine, a boon of Western science, and Ayurveda, a gift of Eastern civilization, are more commonly used.
Total word count in the paragraph: 98
Required word count in summary: 33
Word count in summary: 34
12. Read the paragraph 'Modern medical practice.... no happiness' and create one comprehension question each related to identifying the subject matter, making inferences, and drawing conclusions.
(a) Identify and write down the adjective words from the paragraph.
(b) How can the misuse of medicine be reduced?
(c) Why has modern medical practice become popular?
13. Read the given paragraph and answer the questions:
(a) How does agricultural produce reach consumers?
Answer: Agricultural produce is brought to the market through collectors. Consumers buy and consume the goods that reach the market, and thus the produce reaches the consumers.
(b) What arrangements regarding information flow and profit are mentioned in the paragraph?
Answer: The paragraph mentions that the government arranges for information flow, and regarding profit, collectors keep a small portion of profit when collecting goods and sending them to the market.
(c) Write about the process of agricultural marketing.
Answer: In agricultural marketing, produced goods are stored through collectors and brought to the market.
(d) In what matters should the government help farmers?
Answer: The government should help farmers by arranging proper facilities for fertilizer, irrigation, roads, markets, and communication.
(e) Identify linguistic structure and spelling:
(a) Find and write one word each from the paragraph with the prefixes 'up', 'sam', 'ut'.
Answer: Consumer = consumer, organization = organization, production = production.
(b) Identify and write two gerund words from the paragraph.
Answer: Gerund words: เคเคฐ्เคจाเคฒे, เคเคฐेเคฐ.
(c) From the paragraph, note down two words each where the short 'u' sound is used at the beginning, middle, and end of the word.
Answer: At the beginning: เคเคค्เคชाเคฆเคจ (utpฤdan), เคชुเคฑ्เคฏाเคเคจ्เค (puryฤincha).
In the middle: เค เคจुเคธाเคฐ (anusฤr), เค เคจुเคฆाเคจ (anudฤn).
At the end: เคตเคธ्เคคु (vastu), เคนुเคจु (hunu).
1. Find and write the words with the given meanings from the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine':
(a) Disease related to nerves: Paralysis
(b) Disorders related to Vata, Pitta, and Kapha: Tridosha
(c) Treatment of disease by surgical methods: Surgery
(d) Causing harm or injury: Fatal
(e) Prepared for resistance: Resistant
2. Match the given words with their meanings:
Word Meaning
Pradurbhav (Appearance) - The origin or emergence of an object or subject
Atyukti (Exaggeration) - An exaggerated description or statement
Adyawadhik (Up-to-date) - The state up to today, from past to present
Tridosha (Three humors) - Diseases caused by the imbalance of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha in the body
Nishedh (Prohibition) - The act of prohibiting or stopping
Adhirata (Impatience) - A state of lacking patience, unstable
3. Read the given technical terms used in the medical field and write their meanings with the help of a dictionary:
Ayurveda: An ancient medical science considered the fifth Veda from an Eastern perspective, which treats diseases after diagnosis using herbal and mineral medicines or through surgical methods.
Allopathic: Western modern medical system, medical treatment system.
Alternative medicine: Treatment or therapy that comes as an alternative.
Homeopathic medicine: Homeopathy-related treatment.
Surgery: The act of treating and curing physical ailments through surgical procedures.
Paralysis: A type of neurological disorder where the right or left side of the body becomes unconscious, a condition where the right or left side of the body becomes inactive due to air imbalance or blood pressure.
Emergency treatment: Treatment given for sudden events, accidents, or diseases.
Eradication: The act of eradicating or eliminating.
4. Pick any five technical terms used in the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' and use them in sentences.
Answer: Five technical terms used in the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' and their sentence constructions:
Heart Attack: Thousands of people die every year due to heart attacks.
Physician (Vaidya): A person knowledgeable in Ayurvedic medicine is called a Vaidya.
Curative: It is necessary to adopt a curative approach after falling ill.
Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy is necessary for the diagnosis of mental illnesses.
Medicine: Many people's diseases have been treated with medicine.
Comprehension & Expression: Understanding & Expression
4. Answer the given questions:
(a) How many paragraphs is the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' structured into?
Answer: The essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine' is structured into 12 paragraphs. Which is the shortest and longest paragraph in terms of sentence count?
(b) Which is the shortest and longest paragraph in terms of sentence count?
Answer: In terms of sentence count, the shortest is the last paragraph and the longest is the third paragraph.
(c) In which paragraph of the essay is the topic of the branches of Ayurvedic medicine discussed?
Answer: In the essay, the topic of the branches of Ayurvedic medicine is discussed in the fifth paragraph.
(d) What is the intention of the last paragraph of the essay?
Answer: The intention of the last paragraph of the essay is that if one wants to live a healthy and happy life, one should use the Ayurvedic medical system.
5. Read the given excerpt silently and answer the questions.
(a) Which branches of medical science are discussed in the excerpt?
Answer: The preventive, promotional, and curative branches of medicine are discussed in the excerpt.
(b) What kind of promotional treatment method is it?
Answer: The promotional treatment method is a system of treatment provided through services such as nutrition programs, health education, and environmental sanitation programs.
(c) Which methods are included in curative health services?
Answer: Curative health services include modern medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, naturopathy, yoga therapy, psychotherapy, acupressure, and Unani medicine.
(d) Which treatment method do you prefer and why?
Answer: I prefer the preventive treatment method because health services are provided before the onset of disease for disease control.
6. Answer the given questions:
(a) Describe modern medical science based on the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurveda Medicine'.
Answer: Allopathic treatment is currently considered the most prevalent and popular medical system. It is also seen as modern medical science, or doctor's treatment. In allopathy, medicine to reduce the disease is given at the very beginning to cure it. Its characteristics include quick recovery, easy availability of specialists (doctors) and medicines. Being very effective in emergencies, performing surgeries, and curing serious diseases through surgery are also considered its characteristics. Additionally, the periodic updating of technology and equipment, its effectiveness in curing all diseases from small to large, and the provision of vaccines to prevent major diseases before they occur are further characteristics of the allopathic system.
(b) Write why the popularity of Ayurvedic medicine is increasing.
Answer: The popularity of Ayurvedic medicine is increasing day by day due to its many positive aspects. It is used for body purification and to boost immunity. It treats the overall aspects of a person, considering the patient's soul, mind, physical constitution, doshas, malas, and dhatus. Its characteristics include the availability of herbs used in its treatment in Nepal, treatment based on disease symptoms, and less surgical intervention. Furthermore, its characteristics include not just controlling but eradicating diseases, not requiring various treatment equipment, having fewer negative side effects from medicine, and being less expensive. Thus, Ayurvedic medicine's popularity is increasing because it is a simple and inexpensive way to diagnose diseases, abundant herbs are found in Nepal, and it has no negative side effects from medicine.
(c) What kind of curative methods fall under curative health services?
Answer: Health services provided to cure diseases after they occur are called curative health services. Curative health services include many treatment methods such as modern medical science, Ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, naturopathy, yoga therapy, psychotherapy, acupressure, and Unani medicine.
(d) What are the main differences between Ayurvedic medicine and modern medicine?
๐ต Ayurvedic Medical System
- It is used for body purification and to boost immunity.
- Its treatment method uses herbs. It is also called a natural treatment method.
- Its characteristics include not requiring equipment, having fewer negative side effects from medicine, and being less expensive.
- A good aspect of this is that healthy individuals can also use it, and it develops nutrition and immunity. Although the treatment period can sometimes be long, the possibility of the disease recurring is low.
๐ต Modern Medical System
- In this, medicine to reduce the disease is given at the very beginning to cure it.
- Its treatment method uses modern medicines, vaccines, saline, etc. It is also called doctor's treatment.
- Its characteristics include quick recovery, requiring modern equipment, being expensive, and easy availability of specialists (doctors) and medicines.
- It is important for the treatment of patients with serious conditions and those requiring emergency treatment.
- Although the treatment period is somewhat short, there is a possibility of the disease recurring, and negative side effects from the medicine may also appear.
7. Explain:
(a) Ayurvedic medicine is different from modern medicine and is the oldest treatment method in the world.
Answer: Ayurvedic treatment is used for body purification and to boost immunity. Its characteristics include not just controlling but eradicating diseases, not requiring various treatment equipment, having fewer negative side effects from medicine, and being less expensive. Another important aspect is that both sick and healthy individuals can use it, and it develops nutrition and immunity in healthy individuals. Ayurveda is the oldest medical science in the world. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda. Ayurveda is believed to have developed in India between 3,000 and 50,000 years BCE. Brahma is considered the main source of Ayurvedic knowledge. Dhanvantari is considered the originator of Ayurveda. It is believed that Brahma imparted this knowledge to Daksha Prajapati, Prajapati to the Ashwini Kumars, the Ashwini Kumars to Lord Indra, and Indra imparted the Ayurvedic knowledge he received to Dhanvantari. In the Ramayana and Mahabharata, there are also references to Ayurvedic treatment and instances where sages used it for treatment.
Modern medical methods are believed to have started only after the eighteenth century. Before that, Ayurvedic medicine was being used. This also makes it clear that Ayurvedic medicine is different from modern medical methods and is the oldest treatment method in the world.
(b) Nepal is considered a paradise for Ayurvedic medicine.
Answer: Ayurvedic treatment uses herbs. It is also called a natural treatment method. Nepal itself is a vast storehouse of herbs. Due to biodiversity in the Himalayas, hills, and Terai, herbs with diverse properties are available. Almost all herbs have medicinal properties. In ancient times, our ancestors achieved long life by treating themselves with herbs. Developed countries have produced medicines by using the power of these herbs. Herbs are valuable raw materials for modern pharmaceutical industries. They are precious. Nepal is an invincible storehouse of valuable herbs that cure fatal diseases. It is also memorable that according to the Ramayana, when Lakshman was injured in battle, Sanjeevani Booti was sent to the Himalayan region of Nepal. This confirms that Nepal has been a paradise for Ayurvedic herbs since ancient times. Especially herbs like Tulsi, Sarpagandha, Jatamasi, Padamchal, Pashanbhed, Sugandhwal, Gurjo, Panchaunle, Bojho, Bhyakur, Satuwa, Chutro, Neem, Panisaj, Bhojpatra, Dalchini, Dhaturo, Tejpat, Amla, Dhaturo, Pipal, Barro, Harro, Amla provide us benefits from root to leaf, flower to fruit, and bark to seed. Valuable and rare Yarsagumba is also found in Nepal.
In Nepal, especially in the high hilly regions of Dolpa, Jumla, Mugu, Humla, Mustang, Darchula, Bajhang, Rasuwa, Rukum, and other districts, abundant herbs are found. If the potential of these herbs is studied, improved seeds are prepared, and intensive training is provided, the Ayurvedic important herbs of Nepal can open the door to Nepal's prosperity.
8. Review the positive and negative aspects of modern medical practice.
Answer: 'Medical Science and Ayurvedic Medicine' is an objective essay. Its authors are the group of textbook editors. This essay mentions various methods of human health treatment and includes the importance and necessity of Ayurvedic medicine.
Modern medical practice is currently considered the most prevalent and popular medical system. It is also seen as allopathy or doctor's treatment. In this system, medicine to reduce the disease is given at the very beginning to cure it. Its characteristics include quick recovery, easy availability of specialists (doctors) and medicines. Being very effective in emergencies, performing surgeries, and curing serious diseases through surgery are also considered its characteristics. Additionally, the periodic updating of technology and equipment, its effectiveness in curing all diseases from small to large, and the provision of vaccines to prevent major diseases before they occur are further characteristics of the allopathic system. Modern medicine has made great progress in vaccines and the treatment of many diseases. The average lifespan of people has increased. The use of machines in treatment has increased. Modern medicine has made healthcare accessible and affordable. Despite so many positive aspects, it also has negative aspects. The cost of modern medicines and healthcare is often excessive, making it inaccessible to the poor. Medicines can cause side effects, which can be life-threatening in some cases. Modern medicine is sometimes criticized for focusing too much on treating symptoms rather than addressing the root cause of the problem. The excessive use of antibiotics and other medicines is reducing immunity. The lack of skilled manpower in this treatment, the possibility of negative effects of medicines, medicines being expensive and out of reach for the poor, and the misuse of these medicines being fatal are some of the limitations of modern medical practice. Despite this, patients with serious conditions and those requiring emergency treatment cannot survive without relying on modern medical practice.
9. Confirm that Ayurvedic medicine is considered effective in controlling diseases and preventing side effects.
Answer: Ayurvedic medicine is fundamentally a treatment method related to the knowledge of life. It is considered an unprecedented gift of Eastern Vedic and ancient civilization. This method is becoming globally popular for a healthy and long life. The essence of Ayurveda is the knowledge of life. Ayurvedic medicine is the science that helps to prevent diseases from occurring in the human body by understanding the essence of life, or to take precautions related to diet and lifestyle before the onset of disease. Ayurvedic medicine has eight branches of treatment. In this system, the overall aspects of a person are treated by considering the patient's soul, mind, physical constitution, doshas, malas, and dhatus. It is a characteristic of this system to emphasize resistant medicines and diet through diet, conduct, and code of conduct so that diseases do not attack. Similarly, treatment is done according to the patient's mind and physical nature. It involves instructing on diet and regimen against the nature of the disease to protect healthy individuals from disease attacks and to quickly remove the disease from the sick. Also, since medicines are made from herbs, negative side effects are very minimal. Thus, attempting to completely eradicate diseases along with controlling them and protecting from any kind of side effects is a unique aspect of Ayurvedic medicine.
10. Prepare an objective paragraph on the topic 'Healthy Eating'.
Answer: Healthy Eating Health is the first wealth of life. The basis of a healthy and long life is healthy eating. Regular and healthy food can keep one free from diseases, while irregular, excessive, and unhealthy eating habits lead to diseases like diabetes, heart attack, obesity, and high blood pressure. It is said that more people die from not knowing how to eat than from not getting enough to eat. Eastern philosophy also emphasizes healthy eating for a healthy life. The best diets are Ritahar (seasonal food), Hitahar (beneficial food), and Mitahar (moderate food). Nowadays, there is an increasing trend of consuming more fish, meat, fried, spicy, and market-bought foods. Eating food by giving too much importance only to taste, appearance, color, and smell causes various diseases. Alkaline-rich foods are considered healthier. Such foods include seasonal vegetables, fruits, legumes, corn, wheat, barley, millet, buckwheat, and oats. Therefore, healthy eating is the first and essential condition for a healthy life.
11. From the first paragraph of the essay 'Medical Science and Ayurvedic Medicine', make four bullet points and write a summary.
Answer: The four main points are:
(a) Due to human carelessness, diseases enter the body and steal happiness,
(b) The emergence of medical science to counterattack diseases and suppress them,
(c) Allopathic medicine and Ayurvedic medicine being more commonly used in medical science,
(d) Allopathic medicine being a boon of Western science and Ayurveda a gift of Eastern Vedic civilization.
Summary writing:-
Background of Medical Science
Due to human carelessness, diseases enter and steal happiness. Medical science emerged to counterattack and suppress them. Allopathic medicine, a boon of Western science, and Ayurveda, a gift of Eastern civilization, are more commonly used.
Total word count in the paragraph: 98
Required word count in summary: 33
Word count in summary: 34
12. Read the paragraph 'Modern medical practice.... no happiness' and create one comprehension question each related to identifying the subject matter, making inferences, and drawing conclusions.
(a) Identify and write down the adjective words from the paragraph.
(b) How can the misuse of medicine be reduced?
(c) Why has modern medical practice become popular?
13. Read the given paragraph and answer the questions:
(a) How does agricultural produce reach consumers?
Answer: Agricultural produce is brought to the market through collectors. Consumers buy and consume the goods that reach the market, and thus the produce reaches the consumers.
(b) What arrangements regarding information flow and profit are mentioned in the paragraph?
Answer: The paragraph mentions that the government arranges for information flow, and regarding profit, collectors keep a small portion of profit when collecting goods and sending them to the market.
(c) Write about the process of agricultural marketing.
Answer: In agricultural marketing, produced goods are stored through collectors and brought to the market.
(d) In what matters should the government help farmers?
Answer: The government should help farmers by arranging proper facilities for fertilizer, irrigation, roads, markets, and communication.
(e) Identify linguistic structure and spelling:
(a) Find and write one word each from the paragraph with the prefixes 'up', 'sam', 'ut'.
Answer: Consumer = consumer, organization = organization, production = production.
(b) Identify and write two gerund words from the paragraph.
Answer: Gerund words: เคเคฐ्เคจाเคฒे, เคเคฐेเคฐ.
(c) From the paragraph, note down two words each where the short 'u' sound is used at the beginning, middle, and end of the word.
Answer: At the beginning: เคเคค्เคชाเคฆเคจ (utpฤdan), เคชुเคฑ्เคฏाเคเคจ्เค (puryฤincha).
In the middle: เค เคจुเคธाเคฐ (anusฤr), เค เคจुเคฆाเคจ (anudฤn).
At the end: เคตเคธ्เคคु (vastu), เคนुเคจु (hunu).
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